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47 :
48 : #ifndef PipeHeatTransfer_hh_INCLUDED
49 : #define PipeHeatTransfer_hh_INCLUDED
50 :
51 : // C++ Headers
52 : #include <memory>
53 :
54 : // ObjexxFCL Headers
55 : #include <ObjexxFCL/Array1D.hh>
56 : #include <ObjexxFCL/Array4D.hh>
57 : #include <ObjexxFCL/Optional.hh>
58 :
59 : // EnergyPlus Headers
60 : #include <EnergyPlus/Data/BaseData.hh>
61 : #include <EnergyPlus/DataGlobals.hh>
62 : #include <EnergyPlus/EnergyPlus.hh>
63 : #include <EnergyPlus/GroundTemperatureModeling/GroundTemperatureModelManager.hh>
64 : #include <EnergyPlus/Plant/Enums.hh>
65 : #include <EnergyPlus/Plant/PlantLocation.hh>
66 : #include <EnergyPlus/PlantComponent.hh>
67 :
68 : namespace EnergyPlus {
69 :
70 : // Forward declarations
71 : struct EnergyPlusData;
72 :
73 : namespace PipeHeatTransfer {
74 :
75 : // Using/Aliasing
76 : using namespace GroundTemperatureManager;
77 :
78 : enum class EnvrnPtr
79 : {
80 : Invalid = -1,
81 : None,
82 : ZoneEnv,
83 : ScheduleEnv,
84 : OutsideAirEnv,
85 : GroundEnv,
86 : Num
87 : };
88 :
89 : enum TimeIndex
90 : {
91 : Invalid = -1,
92 : Previous = 1,
93 : Current,
94 : Tentative
95 : };
96 :
97 : constexpr Real64 InnerDeltaTime(60.0); // one minute time step in seconds
98 :
99 4 : struct PipeHTData : public PlantComponent
100 : {
101 :
102 8 : virtual ~PipeHTData() = default;
103 :
104 : // Members
105 : // Input data
106 : std::string Name;
107 : std::string Construction; // construction object name
108 : std::string Environment; // keyword: 'Schedule', 'OutdoorAir', 'Zone'
109 : std::string EnvrSchedule; // temperature schedule for environmental temp
110 : std::string EnvrVelSchedule; // temperature schedule for environmental temp
111 : std::string EnvrAirNode; // outside air node providing environmental temp
112 : Real64 Length; // total pipe length [m]
113 : Real64 PipeID; // pipe inside diameter [m]
114 : std::string InletNode; // inlet node name
115 : std::string OutletNode; // outlet node name
116 : int InletNodeNum; // inlet node number
117 : int OutletNodeNum; // outlet node number
118 : DataPlant::PlantEquipmentType Type; // Type of pipe
119 : // derived data
120 : int ConstructionNum; // construction ref number
121 : EnvrnPtr EnvironmentPtr;
122 : int EnvrSchedPtr; // pointer to schedule used to set environmental temp
123 : int EnvrVelSchedPtr; // pointer to schedule used to set environmental temp
124 : int EnvrZonePtr; // pointer to zone number used to set environmental temp
125 : int EnvrAirNodeNum; // pointer to outside air node used to set environmental temp
126 : int NumSections; // total number of nodes along pipe length
127 : Real64 FluidSpecHeat; // fluid Cp [J/kg.K]
128 : Real64 FluidDensity; // density [kg/m3]
129 : Real64 MaxFlowRate; // max flow rate (from loop/node data)
130 : Real64 InsideArea; // pipe section inside surface area [m^2]
131 : Real64 OutsideArea; // pipe section outside surface area [m^2]
132 : Real64 SectionArea; // cross sectional area [m^2]
133 : Real64 PipeHeatCapacity; // heat capacity of pipe section [J/m.K]
134 : Real64 PipeOD; // pipe outside diameter [m]
135 : Real64 PipeCp; // pipe materail Cp [J/kg.K]
136 : Real64 PipeDensity; // pipe material density [kg/m3]
137 : Real64 PipeConductivity; // pipe material thermal conductivity [W/m.K]
138 : Real64 InsulationOD; // insulation outside diameter [m]
139 : Real64 InsulationCp; // insulation specific heat [J/kg.K]
140 : Real64 InsulationDensity; // insulation density [kg/m3]
141 : Real64 InsulationConductivity; // insulation conductivity [W/m.K]
142 : Real64 InsulationThickness; // insulation thickness [m]
143 : Real64 InsulationResistance; // Insulation thermal resistance [m2.K/W]
144 : Real64 CurrentSimTime; // Current simulation time [hr]
145 : Real64 PreviousSimTime; // simulation time the report data was last updated
146 : Array1D<Real64> TentativeFluidTemp;
147 : Array1D<Real64> FluidTemp; // arrays for fluid and pipe temperatures at each node
148 : Array1D<Real64> PreviousFluidTemp;
149 : Array1D<Real64> TentativePipeTemp;
150 : Array1D<Real64> PipeTemp;
151 : Array1D<Real64> PreviousPipeTemp;
152 : int NumDepthNodes; // number of soil grid points in the depth direction
153 : int PipeNodeDepth; // soil depth grid point where pipe is located
154 : int PipeNodeWidth; // soil width grid point where pipe is located
155 : Real64 PipeDepth; // pipe burial depth [m]
156 : Real64 DomainDepth; // soil grid depth [m]
157 : Real64 dSregular; // grid spacing in cartesian domain [m]
158 : Real64 OutdoorConvCoef; // soil to air convection coefficient [W/m2.K]
159 : std::string SoilMaterial; // name of soil material:regular object
160 : int SoilMaterialNum; // soil material index in material data structure
161 : int MonthOfMinSurfTemp; // month of minimum ground surface temperature
162 : Real64 MinSurfTemp; // minimum annual surface temperature [C]
163 : Real64 SoilDensity; // density of soil [kg/m3]
164 : Real64 SoilDepth; // thickness of soil [m]
165 : Real64 SoilCp; // specific heat of soil [J/kg.K]
166 : Real64 SoilConductivity; // thermal conductivity of soil [W/m.K]
167 : DataSurfaces::SurfaceRoughness SoilRoughness; // ground surface roughness
168 : Real64 SoilThermAbs; // ground surface thermal absorptivity
169 : Real64 SoilSolarAbs; // ground surface solar absorptivity
170 : Real64 CoefA1; // soil finite difference coefficient
171 : Real64 CoefA2; // soil finite difference coefficient
172 : Real64 FourierDS; // soil Fourier number based on grid spacing
173 : Real64 SoilDiffusivity; // soil thermal diffusivity [m2/s]
174 : Real64 SoilDiffusivityPerDay; // soil thermal diffusivity [m2/day]
175 : Array4D<Real64> T; // soil temperature array
176 : bool BeginSimInit; // begin sim and begin environment flag
177 : bool BeginSimEnvrn; // begin sim and begin environment flag
178 : bool FirstHVACupdateFlag;
179 : bool BeginEnvrnupdateFlag;
180 : bool SolarExposed; // Flag to determine if solar is included at ground surface
181 : Real64 SumTK; // Sum of thickness/conductivity over all material layers
182 : Real64 ZoneHeatGainRate; // Lagged energy summation for zone heat gain {W}
183 : PlantLocation plantLoc;
184 : bool CheckEquipName;
185 : std::shared_ptr<BaseGroundTempsModel> groundTempModel;
186 :
187 : // Report data
188 : Real64 FluidInletTemp; // inlet temperature [C]
189 : Real64 FluidOutletTemp; // outlet temperature [C]
190 : Real64 MassFlowRate; // mass flow rate [kg/s]
191 : Real64 FluidHeatLossRate; // overall heat transfer rate from fluid to pipe [W]
192 : Real64 FluidHeatLossEnergy; // energy transferred from fluid to pipe [J]
193 : Real64 PipeInletTemp; // pipe temperature at inlet [C]
194 : Real64 PipeOutletTemp; // pipe temperature at Oulet [C]
195 : Real64 EnvironmentHeatLossRate; // overall heat transfer rate from pipe to environment [W]
196 : Real64 EnvHeatLossEnergy; // energy transferred from pipe to environment [J]
197 : Real64 VolumeFlowRate;
198 :
199 : // Default Constructor
200 4 : PipeHTData()
201 4 : : Length(0.0), PipeID(0.0), InletNodeNum(0), OutletNodeNum(0), Type(DataPlant::PlantEquipmentType::Invalid), ConstructionNum(0),
202 : EnvironmentPtr(EnvrnPtr::None), EnvrSchedPtr(0), EnvrVelSchedPtr(0), EnvrZonePtr(0), EnvrAirNodeNum(0), NumSections(0),
203 : FluidSpecHeat(0.0), FluidDensity(0.0), MaxFlowRate(0.0), InsideArea(0.0), OutsideArea(0.0), SectionArea(0.0), PipeHeatCapacity(0.0),
204 : PipeOD(0.0), PipeCp(0.0), PipeDensity(0.0), PipeConductivity(0.0), InsulationOD(0.0), InsulationCp(0.0), InsulationDensity(0.0),
205 : InsulationConductivity(0.0), InsulationThickness(0.0), InsulationResistance(0.0), CurrentSimTime(0.0), PreviousSimTime(0.0),
206 : NumDepthNodes(0), PipeNodeDepth(0), PipeNodeWidth(0), PipeDepth(0.0), DomainDepth(0.0), dSregular(0.0), OutdoorConvCoef(0.0),
207 : SoilMaterialNum(0), MonthOfMinSurfTemp(0), MinSurfTemp(0.0), SoilDensity(0.0), SoilDepth(0.0), SoilCp(0.0), SoilConductivity(0.0),
208 : SoilRoughness(DataSurfaces::SurfaceRoughness::Invalid), SoilThermAbs(0.0), SoilSolarAbs(0.0), CoefA1(0.0), CoefA2(0.0), FourierDS(0.0),
209 : SoilDiffusivity(0.0), SoilDiffusivityPerDay(0.0), BeginSimInit(true), BeginSimEnvrn(true), FirstHVACupdateFlag(true),
210 : BeginEnvrnupdateFlag(true), SolarExposed(true), SumTK(0.0), ZoneHeatGainRate(0.0), plantLoc{}, CheckEquipName(true),
211 : FluidInletTemp(0.0), FluidOutletTemp(0.0), MassFlowRate(0.0), FluidHeatLossRate(0.0), FluidHeatLossEnergy(0.0), PipeInletTemp(0.0),
212 4 : PipeOutletTemp(0.0), EnvironmentHeatLossRate(0.0), EnvHeatLossEnergy(0.0), VolumeFlowRate(0.0)
213 :
214 : {
215 4 : }
216 :
217 : static PlantComponent *factory(EnergyPlusData &state, DataPlant::PlantEquipmentType objectType, std::string const &objectName);
218 :
219 : void simulate([[maybe_unused]] EnergyPlusData &state,
220 : const PlantLocation &calledFromLocation,
221 : bool FirstHVACIteration,
222 : Real64 &CurLoad,
223 : bool RunFlag) override;
224 :
225 : void PushInnerTimeStepArrays();
226 :
227 : void oneTimeInit_new(EnergyPlusData &state) override;
228 :
229 : void oneTimeInit(EnergyPlusData &state) override;
230 :
231 : void InitPipesHeatTransfer(EnergyPlusData &state, bool FirstHVACIteration);
232 :
233 : Real64 TBND(EnergyPlusData &state,
234 : Real64 z // Current Depth
235 : );
236 :
237 : void CalcBuriedPipeSoil(EnergyPlusData &state);
238 :
239 : void CalcPipesHeatTransfer(EnergyPlusData &state, Optional_int_const LengthIndex = _);
240 :
241 : Real64 OutsidePipeHeatTransCoef(EnergyPlusData &state);
242 :
243 : Real64 CalcPipeHeatTransCoef(EnergyPlusData &state,
244 : Real64 Temperature, // Temperature of water entering the surface, in C
245 : Real64 MassFlowRate, // Mass flow rate, in kg/s
246 : Real64 Diameter // Pipe diameter, m
247 : );
248 :
249 : void ReportPipesHeatTransfer(EnergyPlusData &state); // Index for the surface under consideration
250 :
251 : void UpdatePipesHeatTransfer(EnergyPlusData &state);
252 :
253 : void ValidatePipeConstruction(EnergyPlusData &state,
254 : std::string const &PipeType, // module object of pipe (error messages)
255 : std::string const &ConstructionName, // construction name of pipe (error messages)
256 : std::string_view FieldName, // fieldname of pipe (error messages)
257 : int ConstructionNum, // pointer into construction data
258 : bool &ErrorsFound // set to true if errors found here
259 : );
260 :
261 : static void CalcZonePipesHeatGain(EnergyPlusData &state);
262 : };
263 :
264 : void GetPipesHeatTransfer(EnergyPlusData &state);
265 :
266 : } // namespace PipeHeatTransfer
267 :
268 1542 : struct PipeHeatTransferData : BaseGlobalStruct
269 : {
270 :
271 : int nsvNumOfPipeHT = 0; // Number of Pipe Heat Transfer objects
272 : int nsvInletNodeNum = 0; // module variable for inlet node number
273 : int nsvOutletNodeNum = 0; // module variable for outlet node number
274 : Real64 nsvMassFlowRate = 0.0; // pipe mass flow rate
275 : Real64 nsvVolumeFlowRate = 0.0; // pipe volumetric flow rate
276 : Real64 nsvDeltaTime = 0.0; // time change from last update
277 : Real64 nsvInletTemp = 0.0; // pipe inlet temperature
278 : Real64 nsvOutletTemp = 0.0; // pipe outlet temperature
279 : Real64 nsvEnvironmentTemp = 0.0; // environmental temperature (surrounding pipe)
280 : Real64 nsvEnvHeatLossRate = 0.0; // heat loss rate from pipe to the environment
281 : Real64 nsvFluidHeatLossRate = 0.0; // overall heat loss from fluid to pipe
282 : int nsvNumInnerTimeSteps = 0; // the number of "inner" time steps for our model
283 : bool GetPipeInputFlag = true; // First time, input is "gotten"
284 : bool MyEnvrnFlag = true;
285 : Array1D<PipeHeatTransfer::PipeHTData> PipeHT;
286 : std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> PipeHTUniqueNames;
287 :
288 0 : void clear_state() override
289 : {
290 0 : this->nsvNumOfPipeHT = 0;
291 0 : this->nsvInletNodeNum = 0;
292 0 : this->nsvOutletNodeNum = 0;
293 0 : this->nsvMassFlowRate = 0.0;
294 0 : this->nsvVolumeFlowRate = 0.0;
295 0 : this->nsvDeltaTime = 0.0;
296 0 : this->nsvInletTemp = 0.0;
297 0 : this->nsvOutletTemp = 0.0;
298 0 : this->nsvEnvironmentTemp = 0.0;
299 0 : this->nsvEnvHeatLossRate = 0.0;
300 0 : this->nsvFluidHeatLossRate = 0.0;
301 0 : this->nsvNumInnerTimeSteps = 0;
302 0 : this->GetPipeInputFlag = true;
303 0 : this->MyEnvrnFlag = true;
304 0 : this->PipeHT.deallocate();
305 0 : this->PipeHTUniqueNames.clear();
306 0 : }
307 : };
308 :
309 : } // namespace EnergyPlus
310 :
311 : #endif
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