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47 :
48 : #ifndef PipeHeatTransfer_hh_INCLUDED
49 : #define PipeHeatTransfer_hh_INCLUDED
50 :
51 : // C++ Headers
52 : #include <memory>
53 :
54 : // ObjexxFCL Headers
55 : #include <ObjexxFCL/Array1D.hh>
56 : #include <ObjexxFCL/Array4D.hh>
57 : #include <ObjexxFCL/Optional.hh>
58 :
59 : // EnergyPlus Headers
60 : #include <EnergyPlus/Data/BaseData.hh>
61 : #include <EnergyPlus/DataGlobals.hh>
62 : #include <EnergyPlus/DataSurfaces.hh>
63 : #include <EnergyPlus/EnergyPlus.hh>
64 : #include <EnergyPlus/GroundTemperatureModeling/GroundTemperatureModelManager.hh>
65 : #include <EnergyPlus/Plant/Enums.hh>
66 : #include <EnergyPlus/Plant/PlantLocation.hh>
67 : #include <EnergyPlus/PlantComponent.hh>
68 :
69 : namespace EnergyPlus {
70 :
71 : // Forward declarations
72 : struct EnergyPlusData;
73 :
74 : namespace PipeHeatTransfer {
75 :
76 : // Using/Aliasing
77 : using namespace GroundTemperatureManager;
78 :
79 : enum class EnvrnPtr
80 : {
81 : Invalid = -1,
82 : None,
83 : ZoneEnv,
84 : ScheduleEnv,
85 : OutsideAirEnv,
86 : GroundEnv,
87 : Num
88 : };
89 :
90 : enum TimeIndex
91 : {
92 : Invalid = -1,
93 : Previous = 1,
94 : Current,
95 : Tentative
96 : };
97 :
98 : constexpr Real64 InnerDeltaTime(60.0); // one minute time step in seconds
99 :
100 : struct PipeHTData : public PlantComponent
101 : {
102 :
103 8 : virtual ~PipeHTData() = default;
104 :
105 : // Members
106 : // Input data
107 : std::string Name;
108 : std::string Construction; // construction object name
109 : std::string Environment; // keyword: 'Schedule', 'OutdoorAir', 'Zone'
110 : std::string EnvrSchedule; // temperature schedule for environmental temp
111 : std::string EnvrVelSchedule; // temperature schedule for environmental temp
112 : std::string EnvrAirNode; // outside air node providing environmental temp
113 : Real64 Length; // total pipe length [m]
114 : Real64 PipeID; // pipe inside diameter [m]
115 : std::string InletNode; // inlet node name
116 : std::string OutletNode; // outlet node name
117 : int InletNodeNum; // inlet node number
118 : int OutletNodeNum; // outlet node number
119 : DataPlant::PlantEquipmentType Type; // Type of pipe
120 : // derived data
121 : int ConstructionNum; // construction ref number
122 : EnvrnPtr EnvironmentPtr;
123 : int EnvrSchedPtr; // pointer to schedule used to set environmental temp
124 : int EnvrVelSchedPtr; // pointer to schedule used to set environmental temp
125 : int EnvrZonePtr; // pointer to zone number used to set environmental temp
126 : int EnvrAirNodeNum; // pointer to outside air node used to set environmental temp
127 : int NumSections; // total number of nodes along pipe length
128 : Real64 FluidSpecHeat; // fluid Cp [J/kg.K]
129 : Real64 FluidDensity; // density [kg/m3]
130 : Real64 MaxFlowRate; // max flow rate (from loop/node data)
131 : Real64 InsideArea; // pipe section inside surface area [m^2]
132 : Real64 OutsideArea; // pipe section outside surface area [m^2]
133 : Real64 SectionArea; // cross sectional area [m^2]
134 : Real64 PipeHeatCapacity; // heat capacity of pipe section [J/m.K]
135 : Real64 PipeOD; // pipe outside diameter [m]
136 : Real64 PipeCp; // pipe materail Cp [J/kg.K]
137 : Real64 PipeDensity; // pipe material density [kg/m3]
138 : Real64 PipeConductivity; // pipe material thermal conductivity [W/m.K]
139 : Real64 InsulationOD; // insulation outside diameter [m]
140 : Real64 InsulationCp; // insulation specific heat [J/kg.K]
141 : Real64 InsulationDensity; // insulation density [kg/m3]
142 : Real64 InsulationConductivity; // insulation conductivity [W/m.K]
143 : Real64 InsulationThickness; // insulation thickness [m]
144 : Real64 InsulationResistance; // Insulation thermal resistance [m2.K/W]
145 : Real64 CurrentSimTime; // Current simulation time [hr]
146 : Real64 PreviousSimTime; // simulation time the report data was last updated
147 : Array1D<Real64> TentativeFluidTemp;
148 : Array1D<Real64> FluidTemp; // arrays for fluid and pipe temperatures at each node
149 : Array1D<Real64> PreviousFluidTemp;
150 : Array1D<Real64> TentativePipeTemp;
151 : Array1D<Real64> PipeTemp;
152 : Array1D<Real64> PreviousPipeTemp;
153 : int NumDepthNodes; // number of soil grid points in the depth direction
154 : int PipeNodeDepth; // soil depth grid point where pipe is located
155 : int PipeNodeWidth; // soil width grid point where pipe is located
156 : Real64 PipeDepth; // pipe burial depth [m]
157 : Real64 DomainDepth; // soil grid depth [m]
158 : Real64 dSregular; // grid spacing in cartesian domain [m]
159 : Real64 OutdoorConvCoef; // soil to air convection coefficient [W/m2.K]
160 : std::string SoilMaterial; // name of soil material:regular object
161 : int SoilMaterialNum; // soil material index in material data structure
162 : int MonthOfMinSurfTemp; // month of minimum ground surface temperature
163 : Real64 MinSurfTemp; // minimum annual surface temperature [C]
164 : Real64 SoilDensity; // density of soil [kg/m3]
165 : Real64 SoilDepth; // thickness of soil [m]
166 : Real64 SoilCp; // specific heat of soil [J/kg.K]
167 : Real64 SoilConductivity; // thermal conductivity of soil [W/m.K]
168 : Material::SurfaceRoughness SoilRoughness; // ground surface roughness
169 : Real64 SoilThermAbs; // ground surface thermal absorptivity
170 : Real64 SoilSolarAbs; // ground surface solar absorptivity
171 : Real64 CoefA1; // soil finite difference coefficient
172 : Real64 CoefA2; // soil finite difference coefficient
173 : Real64 FourierDS; // soil Fourier number based on grid spacing
174 : Real64 SoilDiffusivity; // soil thermal diffusivity [m2/s]
175 : Real64 SoilDiffusivityPerDay; // soil thermal diffusivity [m2/day]
176 : Array4D<Real64> T; // soil temperature array
177 : bool BeginSimInit; // begin sim and begin environment flag
178 : bool BeginSimEnvrn; // begin sim and begin environment flag
179 : bool FirstHVACupdateFlag;
180 : bool BeginEnvrnupdateFlag;
181 : bool SolarExposed; // Flag to determine if solar is included at ground surface
182 : Real64 SumTK; // Sum of thickness/conductivity over all material layers
183 : Real64 ZoneHeatGainRate; // Lagged energy summation for zone heat gain {W}
184 : PlantLocation plantLoc;
185 : bool CheckEquipName;
186 : std::shared_ptr<BaseGroundTempsModel> groundTempModel;
187 :
188 : // Report data
189 : Real64 FluidInletTemp; // inlet temperature [C]
190 : Real64 FluidOutletTemp; // outlet temperature [C]
191 : Real64 MassFlowRate; // mass flow rate [kg/s]
192 : Real64 FluidHeatLossRate; // overall heat transfer rate from fluid to pipe [W]
193 : Real64 FluidHeatLossEnergy; // energy transferred from fluid to pipe [J]
194 : Real64 PipeInletTemp; // pipe temperature at inlet [C]
195 : Real64 PipeOutletTemp; // pipe temperature at Oulet [C]
196 : Real64 EnvironmentHeatLossRate; // overall heat transfer rate from pipe to environment [W]
197 : Real64 EnvHeatLossEnergy; // energy transferred from pipe to environment [J]
198 : Real64 VolumeFlowRate;
199 :
200 : // Default Constructor
201 4 : PipeHTData()
202 12 : : Length(0.0), PipeID(0.0), InletNodeNum(0), OutletNodeNum(0), Type(DataPlant::PlantEquipmentType::Invalid), ConstructionNum(0),
203 4 : EnvironmentPtr(EnvrnPtr::None), EnvrSchedPtr(0), EnvrVelSchedPtr(0), EnvrZonePtr(0), EnvrAirNodeNum(0), NumSections(0),
204 4 : FluidSpecHeat(0.0), FluidDensity(0.0), MaxFlowRate(0.0), InsideArea(0.0), OutsideArea(0.0), SectionArea(0.0), PipeHeatCapacity(0.0),
205 4 : PipeOD(0.0), PipeCp(0.0), PipeDensity(0.0), PipeConductivity(0.0), InsulationOD(0.0), InsulationCp(0.0), InsulationDensity(0.0),
206 4 : InsulationConductivity(0.0), InsulationThickness(0.0), InsulationResistance(0.0), CurrentSimTime(0.0), PreviousSimTime(0.0),
207 4 : NumDepthNodes(0), PipeNodeDepth(0), PipeNodeWidth(0), PipeDepth(0.0), DomainDepth(0.0), dSregular(0.0), OutdoorConvCoef(0.0),
208 4 : SoilMaterialNum(0), MonthOfMinSurfTemp(0), MinSurfTemp(0.0), SoilDensity(0.0), SoilDepth(0.0), SoilCp(0.0), SoilConductivity(0.0),
209 4 : SoilRoughness(Material::SurfaceRoughness::Invalid), SoilThermAbs(0.0), SoilSolarAbs(0.0), CoefA1(0.0), CoefA2(0.0), FourierDS(0.0),
210 8 : SoilDiffusivity(0.0), SoilDiffusivityPerDay(0.0), BeginSimInit(true), BeginSimEnvrn(true), FirstHVACupdateFlag(true),
211 4 : BeginEnvrnupdateFlag(true), SolarExposed(true), SumTK(0.0), ZoneHeatGainRate(0.0), plantLoc{}, CheckEquipName(true),
212 4 : FluidInletTemp(0.0), FluidOutletTemp(0.0), MassFlowRate(0.0), FluidHeatLossRate(0.0), FluidHeatLossEnergy(0.0), PipeInletTemp(0.0),
213 8 : PipeOutletTemp(0.0), EnvironmentHeatLossRate(0.0), EnvHeatLossEnergy(0.0), VolumeFlowRate(0.0)
214 :
215 : {
216 4 : }
217 :
218 : static PlantComponent *factory(EnergyPlusData &state, DataPlant::PlantEquipmentType objectType, std::string const &objectName);
219 :
220 : void simulate([[maybe_unused]] EnergyPlusData &state,
221 : const PlantLocation &calledFromLocation,
222 : bool FirstHVACIteration,
223 : Real64 &CurLoad,
224 : bool RunFlag) override;
225 :
226 : void PushInnerTimeStepArrays();
227 :
228 : void oneTimeInit_new(EnergyPlusData &state) override;
229 :
230 : void oneTimeInit(EnergyPlusData &state) override;
231 :
232 : void InitPipesHeatTransfer(EnergyPlusData &state, bool FirstHVACIteration);
233 :
234 : Real64 TBND(EnergyPlusData &state,
235 : Real64 z // Current Depth
236 : );
237 :
238 : void CalcBuriedPipeSoil(EnergyPlusData &state);
239 :
240 : void CalcPipesHeatTransfer(EnergyPlusData &state, ObjexxFCL::Optional_int_const LengthIndex = _);
241 :
242 : Real64 OutsidePipeHeatTransCoef(EnergyPlusData &state);
243 :
244 : Real64 CalcPipeHeatTransCoef(EnergyPlusData &state,
245 : Real64 Temperature, // Temperature of water entering the surface, in C
246 : Real64 MassFlowRate, // Mass flow rate, in kg/s
247 : Real64 Diameter // Pipe diameter, m
248 : );
249 :
250 : void ReportPipesHeatTransfer(EnergyPlusData &state); // Index for the surface under consideration
251 :
252 : void UpdatePipesHeatTransfer(EnergyPlusData &state);
253 :
254 : void ValidatePipeConstruction(EnergyPlusData &state,
255 : std::string const &PipeType, // module object of pipe (error messages)
256 : std::string const &ConstructionName, // construction name of pipe (error messages)
257 : std::string_view FieldName, // fieldname of pipe (error messages)
258 : int ConstructionNum, // pointer into construction data
259 : bool &ErrorsFound // set to true if errors found here
260 : );
261 :
262 : static void CalcZonePipesHeatGain(EnergyPlusData &state);
263 : };
264 :
265 : void GetPipesHeatTransfer(EnergyPlusData &state);
266 :
267 : } // namespace PipeHeatTransfer
268 :
269 : struct PipeHeatTransferData : BaseGlobalStruct
270 : {
271 :
272 : int nsvNumOfPipeHT = 0; // Number of Pipe Heat Transfer objects
273 : int nsvInletNodeNum = 0; // module variable for inlet node number
274 : int nsvOutletNodeNum = 0; // module variable for outlet node number
275 : Real64 nsvMassFlowRate = 0.0; // pipe mass flow rate
276 : Real64 nsvVolumeFlowRate = 0.0; // pipe volumetric flow rate
277 : Real64 nsvDeltaTime = 0.0; // time change from last update
278 : Real64 nsvInletTemp = 0.0; // pipe inlet temperature
279 : Real64 nsvOutletTemp = 0.0; // pipe outlet temperature
280 : Real64 nsvEnvironmentTemp = 0.0; // environmental temperature (surrounding pipe)
281 : Real64 nsvEnvHeatLossRate = 0.0; // heat loss rate from pipe to the environment
282 : Real64 nsvFluidHeatLossRate = 0.0; // overall heat loss from fluid to pipe
283 : int nsvNumInnerTimeSteps = 0; // the number of "inner" time steps for our model
284 : bool GetPipeInputFlag = true; // First time, input is "gotten"
285 : bool MyEnvrnFlag = true;
286 : Array1D<PipeHeatTransfer::PipeHTData> PipeHT;
287 : std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> PipeHTUniqueNames;
288 :
289 796 : void init_state([[maybe_unused]] EnergyPlusData &state) override
290 : {
291 796 : }
292 :
293 0 : void clear_state() override
294 : {
295 0 : this->nsvNumOfPipeHT = 0;
296 0 : this->nsvInletNodeNum = 0;
297 0 : this->nsvOutletNodeNum = 0;
298 0 : this->nsvMassFlowRate = 0.0;
299 0 : this->nsvVolumeFlowRate = 0.0;
300 0 : this->nsvDeltaTime = 0.0;
301 0 : this->nsvInletTemp = 0.0;
302 0 : this->nsvOutletTemp = 0.0;
303 0 : this->nsvEnvironmentTemp = 0.0;
304 0 : this->nsvEnvHeatLossRate = 0.0;
305 0 : this->nsvFluidHeatLossRate = 0.0;
306 0 : this->nsvNumInnerTimeSteps = 0;
307 0 : this->GetPipeInputFlag = true;
308 0 : this->MyEnvrnFlag = true;
309 0 : this->PipeHT.deallocate();
310 0 : this->PipeHTUniqueNames.clear();
311 0 : }
312 : };
313 :
314 : } // namespace EnergyPlus
315 :
316 : #endif
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