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47 :
48 : #ifndef DataPhotovoltaics_hh_INCLUDED
49 : #define DataPhotovoltaics_hh_INCLUDED
50 :
51 : // ObjexxFCL Headers
52 : #include <ObjexxFCL/Array1D.hh>
53 :
54 : // EnergyPlus Headers
55 : #include <EnergyPlus/Data/BaseData.hh>
56 : #include <EnergyPlus/DataGlobals.hh>
57 : #include <EnergyPlus/EnergyPlus.hh>
58 :
59 : namespace EnergyPlus {
60 :
61 : namespace DataPhotovoltaics {
62 :
63 : Real64 constexpr MinIrradiance = 0.3; // [W/m2] Assume no operation if Ic is below this number (W/m2)
64 :
65 : enum class PVModel
66 : {
67 : Invalid = -1,
68 : Simple,
69 : TRNSYS,
70 : Sandia,
71 : Num
72 : };
73 :
74 : enum class CellIntegration
75 : {
76 : Invalid = -1, // cell temp method not set
77 : Decoupled, // cell temp method based on energy balance
78 : DecoupledUllebergDynamic, // cell temp method based on energy bal with capacity
79 : SurfaceOutsideFace, // cell temp method based on coupling to E+'s heat balance
80 : TranspiredCollector, // cell temp method based on coupling to unglazed transpired co
81 : ExteriorVentedCavity, // cell temp method based on coupling to nat vent exterior cavi
82 : PVTSolarCollector, // cell temp method based on coupling to PVT model
83 : Num
84 : };
85 :
86 : enum class Efficiency
87 : {
88 : Invalid = -1,
89 : Fixed, // simple PV, constant efficiency
90 : Scheduled, // simple PV, scheduled efficiency
91 : Num
92 : };
93 :
94 : enum class SiPVCells
95 : {
96 : Invalid = -1,
97 : Crystalline,
98 : Amorphous,
99 : Num
100 : };
101 :
102 : struct SimplePVParamsStruct
103 : {
104 : // Members
105 : std::string Name; // name as identified in Sandia database
106 : Real64 AreaCol; // effective area of solar collection
107 : Real64 ActiveFraction; // fraction of parent surface that has active solar cells
108 : Efficiency EfficencyInputMode; // to schedule or not
109 : Sched::Schedule *effSched = nullptr; // index pointer for efficiency schedule
110 : Real64 PVEfficiency; // fixed or current PV efficiency
111 :
112 : // Default Constructor
113 6 : SimplePVParamsStruct() : AreaCol(0.0), ActiveFraction(0.0), EfficencyInputMode(Efficiency::Invalid), PVEfficiency(0.0)
114 : {
115 6 : }
116 : };
117 :
118 : struct TRNSYSPVModuleParamsStruct // for GENERATOR:PV:Equivalent One-Diode Model
119 : {
120 : // Members
121 : std::string Name;
122 : int CellsInSeries; // cells in series [-]
123 : SiPVCells CellType; // type of PV cell (crystalline, amorphous )
124 : Real64 Area; // module area [m2]
125 : Real64 TauAlpha; // tau alpha product at normal incidence [-]
126 : Real64 SemiConductorBandgap; // electron bandgap [eV]
127 : Real64 ShuntResistance; // shunt resistance [ohms]
128 : Real64 RefIsc; // short circuit current at reference conditions [A/K]
129 : Real64 RefVoc; // open circuit voltage at reference conditions [V/K]
130 : Real64 RefTemperature; // temperature at reference conditions
131 : Real64 RefInsolation; // radiation at reference conditions [W/m2]
132 : Real64 Imp; // current at max power [A]
133 : Real64 Vmp; // voltage at max power [V]
134 : Real64 TempCoefIsc; // temperature coefficient of short circuit current
135 : Real64 TempCoefVoc; // temperature coefficient of open circuit voltage
136 : Real64 NOCTAmbTemp; // ambient temperature at NOCT [C]
137 : Real64 NOCTCellTemp; // cell temperature at NOCT [C]
138 : Real64 NOCTInsolation; // radiation at NOCT [W/m2]
139 : Real64 HeatLossCoef; // heat loss coefficient [W/m2.K]
140 : Real64 HeatCapacity; // total heat capacity (only used in TC mode 1)
141 :
142 : // Default Constructor
143 6 : TRNSYSPVModuleParamsStruct()
144 12 : : CellsInSeries(0), CellType(SiPVCells::Invalid), Area(0.0), TauAlpha(0.0), SemiConductorBandgap(0.0), ShuntResistance(0.0), RefIsc(0.0),
145 6 : RefVoc(0.0), RefTemperature(0.0), RefInsolation(0.0), Imp(0.0), Vmp(0.0), TempCoefIsc(0.0), TempCoefVoc(0.0), NOCTAmbTemp(0.0),
146 6 : NOCTCellTemp(0.0), NOCTInsolation(0.0), HeatLossCoef(0.0), HeatCapacity(0.0)
147 : {
148 6 : }
149 : };
150 :
151 : struct TRNSYSPVCalcStruct
152 : {
153 : // Members
154 : Real64 Insolation; // radiation [W/m2]
155 : Real64 ArrayCurrent; // array current at current conditions [A]
156 : Real64 ArrayVoltage; // array voltage at current conditions [V]
157 : Real64 ArrayPower; // array power at current conditions [W]
158 : Real64 ArrayEfficiency; // array efficiency at current conditions [0..1]
159 : Real64 CellTemp; // array cell temperature at current conditions [C]
160 : Real64 CellTempK; // array cell temperature (for setting last cell temp) [K]
161 : Real64 TimeElapsed; // time previous update of last cell temp
162 : Real64 LastCellTempK; // array cell temperature at previous conditions [K]
163 : Real64 ArrayIsc; // array short circuit current at current conditions [A]
164 : Real64 ArrayVoc; // array open circuit voltage at current conditions [V]
165 :
166 : // Default Constructor
167 5 : TRNSYSPVCalcStruct()
168 5 : : Insolation(0.0), ArrayCurrent(0.0), ArrayVoltage(0.0), ArrayPower(0.0), ArrayEfficiency(0.0), CellTemp(0.0), CellTempK(0.0),
169 5 : TimeElapsed(0.0), LastCellTempK(0.0), ArrayIsc(0.0), ArrayVoc(0.0)
170 : {
171 5 : }
172 : };
173 :
174 : struct SNLModuleParamsStuct // for PV MODULE:SANDIA PARAMETERS
175 : {
176 : // Members
177 : std::string name; // name as identified in Sandia database
178 : Real64 Acoll; // Active collector area (m2, single module)
179 : Real64 NcellSer; // Number of cells in series in a module's cell-string (unitless)
180 : Real64 NparSerCells; // Number of cell-strings in parallel in module (unitless)
181 : Real64 Isc0; // Short circuit current at reference conditions (Amps)
182 : Real64 Voc0; // Open circuit voltage at reference conditions (Volts)
183 : Real64 Imp0; // Max power point current at reference conditions (Amps)
184 : Real64 Vmp0; // Voltage at max power at reference conditions (Volts)
185 : Real64 aIsc; // Normalized temperature coefficient for Isc (Amps/degC) Isc temperature coeff
186 : Real64 aImp; // Normalized temperature coefficient for Imp (1/degC) Imp temperature coeff
187 : Real64 c_0; // Empirical coefficients relating Imp to Ee (unitless)
188 : // coefficient relating Imp to irradiance
189 : Real64 c_1; // Empirical coefficients relating Imp to Ee (unitless)
190 : // coefficient relating Voc to irradiance
191 : Real64 BVoc0; // Temperature coefficient for module open-circuit-voltage at reference conditions
192 : // (Volts/degC)
193 : Real64 mBVoc; // Coefficient for irradiance dependence of open-circuit-voltage-temperature
194 : // coefficient (V/°C)
195 : Real64 BVmp0; // Temperature coefficient for module maximum-power-voltage at reference conditions
196 : // (V/°C)
197 : Real64 mBVmp; // Cofficient for irradiance dependence of maximum-power-voltage-temperature
198 : // coefficient (V/°C)
199 : Real64 DiodeFactor; // Empirically determined 'diode factor' for individual cells (unitless)
200 : Real64 c_2; // Empirical coefficients relating Vmp to Ee (unitless)
201 : // (coefficient relating Vmp to irradiance)
202 : Real64 c_3; // Empirical coefficients relating Vmp to Ee (unitless)
203 : // (coefficient relating Vmp to irradiance)
204 : Real64 a_0; // Empirical coefficients for f1(AMa) polynomial (unitless)
205 : Real64 a_1; // Empirical coefficients for f1(AMa) polynomial (unitless)
206 : Real64 a_2; // Empirical coefficients for f1(AMa) polynomial (unitless)
207 : Real64 a_3; // Empirical coefficients for f1(AMa) polynomial (unitless)
208 : Real64 a_4; // Empirical coefficients for f1(AMa) polynomial (unitless)
209 : Real64 b_0; // Empirical coefficients for f1(AOI) polynomial (unitless)
210 : Real64 b_1; // Empirical coefficients for f1(AOI) polynomial (unitless)
211 : Real64 b_2; // Empirical coefficients for f1(AOI) polynomial (unitless)
212 : Real64 b_3; // Empirical coefficients for f1(AOI) polynomial (unitless)
213 : Real64 b_4; // Empirical coefficients for f1(AOI) polynomial (unitless)
214 : Real64 b_5; // Empirical coefficients for f1(AOI) polynomial (unitless)
215 : Real64 DT0; // Temperature difference between Tc and Tm at Eo (°C),
216 : // (This is d(Tc) in Sandia database)
217 : Real64 fd; // Fraction of diffuse irradiance used by module (unitless)
218 : Real64 a; // Empirical coefficient for module temp.at low wind,
219 : // high solar irradiance (unitless)
220 : Real64 b; // Empirical coefficient relating module temp.
221 : // decrease with increasing wind speed (unitless)
222 : Real64 c_4; // Empirical coefficients relating Ix to Ee (unitless)
223 : Real64 c_5; // Empirical coefficients relating Ix to Ee (unitless)
224 : Real64 Ix0; // Current at V = 0.5 Voc and at reference conditions (Amps)
225 : Real64 Ixx0; // Current at V = 0.5 (Vmp + Voc) and at reference conditions (Amps)
226 : Real64 c_6; // Empirical coefficients relating Ixx to Ee (unitless)
227 : Real64 c_7; // Empirical coefficients relating Ixx to Ee (unitless)
228 :
229 : // Default Constructor
230 5 : SNLModuleParamsStuct()
231 10 : : Acoll(0.0), NcellSer(0.0), NparSerCells(0.0), Isc0(0.0), Voc0(0.0), Imp0(0.0), Vmp0(0.0), aIsc(0.0), aImp(0.0), c_0(0.0), c_1(0.0),
232 5 : BVoc0(0.0), mBVoc(0.0), BVmp0(0.0), mBVmp(0.0), DiodeFactor(0.0), c_2(0.0), c_3(0.0), a_0(0.0), a_1(0.0), a_2(0.0), a_3(0.0), a_4(0.0),
233 5 : b_0(0.0), b_1(0.0), b_2(0.0), b_3(0.0), b_4(0.0), b_5(0.0), DT0(0.0), fd(0.0), a(0.0), b(0.0), c_4(0.0), c_5(0.0), Ix0(0.0), Ixx0(0.0),
234 5 : c_6(0.0), c_7(0.0)
235 : {
236 5 : }
237 : };
238 :
239 : struct SNLPVInputStruct // for data obtained elsewhere in EnergyPlus
240 : {
241 : // Members
242 : Real64 IcBeam; // incident beam solar (W/m2)
243 : Real64 IcDiffuse; // incident diffuse solar (W/m2)
244 : Real64 IncidenceAngle; // angle from normal for beam (deg)
245 : Real64 ZenithAngle; // solar zenith angle (deg)
246 : Real64 Tamb; // outdoor drybulb temperature (C)
247 : Real64 WindSpeed; // outdoor windspeed. (m/s)
248 : Real64 Altitude; // elevation above sea level. (m)
249 :
250 : // Default Constructor
251 5 : SNLPVInputStruct() : IcBeam(0.0), IcDiffuse(0.0), IncidenceAngle(0.0), ZenithAngle(0.0), Tamb(0.0), WindSpeed(0.0), Altitude(0.0)
252 : {
253 5 : }
254 : };
255 :
256 : struct SNLPVCalcStruct // hold calculated results from PV modeling.
257 : {
258 : // Members
259 : Real64 Vmp; // (Volts) maximum power voltage
260 : Real64 Imp; // (Amps) maximum power current
261 : Real64 Pmp; // (W) (was kJ/hr) maximum power point power
262 : Real64 EffMax; // (unitless) conversion efficiency at max power point
263 : Real64 Isc; // (Amps) short circuit current
264 : Real64 Voc; // (Volts) open circuit voltage
265 : Real64 Tcell; // (deg C) solar cell operating temperature
266 : Real64 Tback; // (deg C) solar module operation temp, at back of module
267 : Real64 AMa; // (unitless) Absolute Air mass
268 : Real64 F1; // (unitless) holds result of "AMa-Function" for solar spectrum influence
269 : Real64 F2; // (unitless) holds result of AOI-Function for angle-of-incidence
270 : Real64 Ix; // (Amps) Current at V = 0.5 Voc
271 : Real64 Vx; // (Volts) Voltage at 0.5 Voc
272 : Real64 Ixx; // (Amps) current at V = 0.5(Vmpp + Voc)
273 : Real64 Vxx; // (Volts) voltage at 0.5(Vmpp + Voc)
274 : Real64 SurfaceSink; // (Watts) energy balance term to account for electricity leaving
275 :
276 : // Default Constructor
277 5 : SNLPVCalcStruct()
278 5 : : Vmp(0.0), Imp(0.0), Pmp(0.0), EffMax(0.0), Isc(0.0), Voc(0.0), Tcell(0.0), Tback(0.0), AMa(0.0), F1(0.0), F2(0.0), Ix(0.0), Vx(0.0),
279 5 : Ixx(0.0), Vxx(0.0), SurfaceSink(0.0)
280 : {
281 5 : }
282 : };
283 :
284 : struct PVReportVariables // for GENERATOR:PV:EQUIVALENT ONE-DIODE MODEL
285 : {
286 : // Members
287 : Real64 DCPower; // Direct Current power from PV array
288 : Real64 DCEnergy; // Direct Current energy from PV array
289 : Real64 ArrayEfficiency; // array efficiency at current conditions [0..1]
290 : Real64 CellTemp; // array cell temperature at current conditions [C]
291 : Real64 ArrayIsc; // array short circuit current at current conditions [A]
292 : Real64 ArrayVoc; // array open circuit voltage at current conditions [V]
293 : Real64 ArrayCurrent;
294 : Real64 ArrayVoltage;
295 :
296 : // Default Constructor
297 5 : PVReportVariables()
298 5 : : DCPower(0.0), DCEnergy(0.0), ArrayEfficiency(0.0), CellTemp(0.0), ArrayIsc(0.0), ArrayVoc(0.0), ArrayCurrent(0.0), ArrayVoltage(0.0)
299 : {
300 5 : }
301 : };
302 :
303 : struct PVArrayStruct
304 : {
305 : // Members
306 : std::string Name;
307 : std::string SurfaceName; // named surface in heat balance domain
308 : std::string PerfObjName;
309 : int SurfacePtr; // index for named surface
310 : int Zone; // index for zone (for getting any zone multipliers)
311 : PVModel PVModelType; // type of performance modeling, Simple, TRNSYS or Equivalent 1-diode, or Sandia/King model
312 : CellIntegration CellIntegrationMode; // how are PV cells integrated with other E+ modeling
313 : Real64 NumModNSeries; // number of modules in series in one string
314 : Real64 NumSeriesNParall; // number of series strings in parallel
315 : int UTSCPtr; // pointer to UTSC number for INTEGRATED TRANSPIRED COLLECTOR mode
316 : int ExtVentCavPtr; // pointer to Exterior Vented Cavity EXTERIOR VENTED CAVITY
317 : int PVTPtr; // pointer to PVT model
318 : Real64 SurfaceSink; // PV power "sink" for integration
319 : PVReportVariables Report; // report variables
320 : // nested structs for user input parameters
321 : SimplePVParamsStruct SimplePVModule; // simple model input params
322 : TRNSYSPVModuleParamsStruct TRNSYSPVModule; // equivalent one-diode input params
323 : SNLModuleParamsStuct SNLPVModule; // Sandia/King model input parameter data
324 : // nested structs for model input from elsewhere and calculations
325 : TRNSYSPVCalcStruct TRNSYSPVcalc;
326 : SNLPVInputStruct SNLPVinto; // model input from elsewhere in EnergyPlus
327 : SNLPVCalcStruct SNLPVCalc; // calc'd data for GENERATOR:PV:Sandia model
328 :
329 : // Default Constructor
330 5 : PVArrayStruct()
331 10 : : SurfacePtr(0), Zone(0), PVModelType(PVModel::Invalid), CellIntegrationMode(CellIntegration::Invalid), NumModNSeries(1.0),
332 5 : NumSeriesNParall(1.0), UTSCPtr(0), ExtVentCavPtr(0), PVTPtr(0), SurfaceSink(0.0)
333 : {
334 5 : }
335 : };
336 : } // namespace DataPhotovoltaics
337 :
338 : struct PhotovoltaicsData : BaseGlobalStruct
339 : {
340 :
341 : int NumPVs = 0; // count of number of PV generators
342 : int Num1DiodePVModuleTypes = 0; // count for Equivalent one-diode model
343 : int NumSimplePVModuleTypes = 0; // count of number of input objs for simple model
344 : int NumSNLPVModuleTypes = 0; // count of number of input objs for Sandia model
345 : Real64 ShuntResistance = 0.0; // old "RSH" in common block of trnsys code
346 : Array1D<DataPhotovoltaics::PVArrayStruct> PVarray;
347 :
348 2126 : void init_constant_state([[maybe_unused]] EnergyPlusData &state) override
349 : {
350 2126 : }
351 :
352 1152 : void init_state([[maybe_unused]] EnergyPlusData &state) override
353 : {
354 1152 : }
355 :
356 2100 : void clear_state() override
357 : {
358 2100 : NumPVs = 0;
359 2100 : Num1DiodePVModuleTypes = 0;
360 2100 : NumSimplePVModuleTypes = 0;
361 2100 : NumSNLPVModuleTypes = 0;
362 2100 : ShuntResistance = 0.0;
363 2100 : PVarray.deallocate();
364 2100 : }
365 : };
366 :
367 : } // namespace EnergyPlus
368 :
369 : #endif
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